Investigating the typology of filled and empty spaces in the structure of native houses of cold climate (case study of Tabriz)

Abstract Indigenous Iranian architecture is a valuable treasure of physical design criteria and methods that have been formed in accordance with the geographical, cultural, living and climatic characteristics, according to the available facilities, and understand the coexistence of humans and the environment as a two-way relationship; Meanwhile, while the speed of change in the old texture of cities will confront us with the absence of these works in the not too distant future. This highlights the need to record indigenous architectural pattern and to identify and discover the hidden functional, formal and climatic angles of traditional dwellings.                  While ignoring proportions and principles and rules in the building has become commonplace, research in the field of indigenous architecture and the discovery of proportions and rules of application can lead to a better understanding of space and achieve design method; Due to the neglect of cold climate in researches;  Therefore, this study intends to physically study the full and empty residential spaces in cold climates, and in this way to study the characteristics and potentials of this architecture. The research area is the native houses of Tabriz from Qajar to Pahlavi. In the theoretical part, the theoretical framework is presented with library tools using descriptive-analytical method, and in the next stage, the samples are studied and formal perception and analysis, physical proportions and typology of the shape and climate of the filled and empty space are performed. The tools are data collection, sources, documents, sketches, maps by field studies and formal analysis of findings. The results show that the full and empty residential space of Tabriz is based on the principles of ecology and shows the existence of a certain ratio in native houses. Also, the highest frequency of orientations is from 10 degrees southeast to 20 degrees southwest, as well as houses with one front and two floors.